Glass was made by the Egyptians and Phoenicians in B.C. In addition to the rumor that it was first produced in the 2nd century B.C. The first glass samples, believed to have been made in the 3rd century, were found in Mesopotamia. Although there is no evidence of how glass was first produced, Pliny, a Roman historian, points out that sailors from Phoenicia first discovered glass. According to the story, the sailors set up a camp on the beach in the Prolemais region of Syria and lit a fire to open their containers, as well as their cargo. , they put it on soda blocks. When they woke up the next day, they saw that sand and soda had formed glass due to the heat of the fire. This anecdote of Pliny may be vague, but it contains the correct formula required for glass production. Sand is the most important substance in glass production. Soda is added to lower the boiling point, and thirdly lime is added to harden and make it long-lasting. The first glass finds in the Eastern Mediterranean region were found in the 1st century BC, near Kaş, a southwestern town in Turkey. It was found in the cargo hold of a merchant ship that sank around 2000. Blue glass ingots made of molten glass poured into molds were found in the cargo of this shipwreck. Along with the glass objects produced in Mesopotamia, glass-making techniques spread to other parts of the Mediterranean. At first, glass blocks were used and shaped by carving. The Egyptian city of Alexandria has been a glass-making center since the 7th century, and glass blowing techniques were discovered during this period. This technique was used in Italian workshops, first in Cumae, Literium and Pozzuoli, and then in different forms in Rome. During the Byzantine period, glass was used mainly in buildings, and examples from this period can be found today. The art of glass making in Turkey dates back to the Seljuks. It started and developed following the discovery of Istanbul. Many glass workshops were established in Istanbul and its surroundings.14. A type of glass called Çeşm-i Bülbül started to be produced in the Kristal Glass factory, which was established near Çubuklu at the beginning of the century. The first modern glass factory in Turkey was established in Paşabahçe in 1934 and is constantly renewing itself with its breakthroughs.
